Episode 8

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Published on:

12th Jan 2026

Why Do Drugs Cost So Much?!

Most people assume the answer is simple: greed. But the real story is far more complicated — and far more surprising.

In this episode, I sit down with Sam Kazer, PhD, a scientist who has worked across academia, global health, and the pharmaceutical industry, to break down what it actually takes to turn an idea into a real medicine. We talk about why drug development takes 10+ years, why clinical trials are so expensive, and why most drug ideas fail long before they ever reach patients.

We also explore:

  1. Why “Big Pharma” isn’t a single villain
  2. How academic research and industry depend on each other
  3. Why biologic drugs cost more than small-molecule drugs
  4. How public funding quietly enables many of the medicines we rely on
  5. What people misunderstand most about drug pricing and regulation

This isn’t a defense of the pharmaceutical industry — it’s an explanation of the system we all rely on, and why simple answers don’t capture the full picture.

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About the Podcast

Unknown Variables
Experts shaping our world — and the stories that shaped them.
Hosted by Dr. Anthony J. Rojas, Ph.D., an MIT-trained chemist and educator, Unknown Variables goes beyond accomplishments to explore the experiences, decisions, and defining moments behind them. Each episode features candid conversations with scientists, entrepreneurs, and innovators across disciplines — uncovering the unknown variables that drive discovery, creativity, and success. If you’re curious about how great minds think, fail, and ultimately persevere, this podcast is for you. 🎧 Listen for: Conversations with world-class experts and creators Honest stories of challenge and transformation Insights connecting science, innovation, and the human experience Subscribe and explore the unknown variables that shape our world.

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Anthony Rojas